Ceramides are fats or lipids found in skin cells and make up approximately 35% of your outer skin layer. They are widely known for retaining skin moisture and preventing germs…

…virus a chance to multiply rapidly, weaken the immune system and cause illness.   A truly effective treatment for chronic HIV infection would eliminate these residual infected cells, known as…

HIV, human immunodeficiency virus, destroys CD4 cells, also known as helper T cells, in the immune system. Without these cells, bodies have a hard time fighting off various diseases. While…

…Palmer concluded that the way in which cells, even non-immune cells, use nutrients in the presence of a viral pathogen can determine disease outcome and severity in the earliest stages…

HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) attacks the body’s immune system and, if not treated, can lead to AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Because of medical advancements, including antiretroviral therapy (ART), many people…

…important because some of their biology (aspects of the immune system, reproductive system and brain) is more similar to ours than other animal models. While there is much we can…

…the infected cells in the lymphoid follicles. The homing receptor allowed the T-cells to migrate into the follicles, which previously limited the effectiveness of the body’s response to infection. In…

Parkinson’s disease is a slowly progressive chronic neurologic condition, causing a gradual loss of the nerve cells producing the neurotransmitter dopamine in the brain. While there are no standard diagnostic…

…affiliated institution), could help develop new therapies to treat Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease. “This really sets us up for the possibility of doing gene therapies, or neural stem cell-based therapies in the…

HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) attacks the body’s immune system, and if left untreated, HIV can lead to AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). HIV/AIDS currently impacts 38 million people worldwide. While there…

…signals that regulate the cells’ function and affect how they communicate with other cells. Unlike other receptors in the brain that respond to naturally occurring chemical signals, the DREADDs only…

….” Findings proved the rapid response of T cells, and knowing where to activate them (lungs versus blood) will help researchers create better treatments and even a vaccine to prevent…

…resolution. We were able to identify an immune response to Mtb infection in single lung cells as the infection progressed to disease, in some cases, or was controlled in others,”…

…researchers relieved the debilitating movement and depression symptoms associated with the disease. The researchers used induced pluripotent stem cells from the monkeys’ own bodies to make dopaminergic neurons. which produce…

…– Timothy Brown and Adam Castillejo – received bone marrow stem cell transplants to treat their leukemias. The cells came from donors with a rare genetic mutation that left their…

…any hope of actually fixing them and curing those diseases.” Basic research asks fundamental questions about how life works. Scientists study cells, genes, proteins, and other building blocks of life….

…similar to HIV, and observed that the gene editing molecules were able to enter SIV viral reservoirs in the lymph, spleen, bone marrow and brain to prevent the cells from…

…and to study the areas of the brain affected in order to determine how can we impact these pathways.” Neurodegenerative diseases are related to the aging of brain cells and…

…in the DNA of specific immune cells (T cells). Each reservoir consists of T cells that continue to harbor the virus even during antiviral drug treatment. According to the researchers,…

…likely to develop TB is a depletion of specific immune cells. However, SNPRC scientists showed other effects of viral co-infection play a crucial role in this process. Using data from…

…conducted in mice transplanted with human immune cells. The results represented the first occurrence of a successful systemic HIV induction in humans or an animal model with human cells that…

…studied SARS-CoV-2 transmission routes and pathogenesis – this time focusing on the respiratory virus’ activity in the lungs and its impact on cells, tissues and organs. The researchers also conducted…

…to the immune system that detect and engulf harmful pathogens, like viruses, bacteria and fungi, serving as helpful scavengers to fight infections. They also cause or suppress inflammation and secrete…

…the next generation of stem cell scientists, doctors, educators, business people and policy makers. The main uses of stem cells today include basic research to understand the human body, discovering…

…malaria parasite cells to be isolated and their genome amplified before being analyzed by a genome sequencer, which enables researchers to capture the genetic mutations present in a single cell….

…stress, they were less resilient to that.” The mutated cells had shorter life and were less resilient to oxidative stress. They also showed lackluster connections to other cells. Stem cells…

…These neutrophils also create opportunities to study other diseases, since white blood cells produced from stem cells carrying genetic disorders that weaken or otherwise affect the neutrophils will still retain…

…on a key issue for stem cell therapies: rejection of transplanted cells. When stem cells are delivered as therapies for any health issue, they are perceived as “non-self” by the…

…problem comes when vaccination generates too many of a particular type of helper immune cell, Th1 cells. We can think of Th1 cells as the well-intentioned first responders to a…

…antibodies and cellular immunity, a process involving the activation of T cells. ”Most efforts to develop an HIV vaccine focus on activating the immune system to make antibodies that can…

…hyaluronidase in the brains of patients with MS and other neurodegenerative diseases. This will ideally revive the ability of progenitor cells (descendants of stem cells that differentiate, or change, into…

…in vitro fertilization failure, miscarriage and certain genetic orders or birth defects, mosaic embryos— those with both normal and abnormal cells—have not been considered ideal candidates for IVF transfer. For…

Cells that harbor HIV, even while a person is on antiretroviral drugs, are referred to as the “reservoir”. Some of these cells might be able to self-renew/proliferate, thus continually replenishing…

…virus (AAV) to deliver gene products into the muscle cells of nonhuman primates, turning the cells into “factories” which produce genetically engineered antibodies indefinitely. One primate in the study had…

…viruses eventually burst out, they kill their host cells, destroy the rest of the immune system and eliminate the body’s defenses against lethal opportunistic infections. Further work is needed, the…

…neural activity in the mice’s brains revealed the ZI was less active in mice that showed fear generalization, and stimulating specific cells in the ZI dramatically reduced fear generalization. This…

…protein common to nerve cells—in tissue samples from common marmosets with inflamed bowels. This type of chemical alteration is similar to abnormal protein deposits in the brains of Parkinson’s patients,…

…to another factor called DNA methylation to increase risk for obesity. In the second phase, scientists will compare changes in blood with changes in muscle tissue and muscle cells and…

…toward obesity. In the process, they found a mutation that affects leptin — a protein produced by fat cells that travels to the brain and signals to the body that…

…However, if people have chronic malaria, then they are hypothesized to be more susceptible to Ebola. The researchers will begin by taking white blood cells from infected mice and studying…

…the cells in the population exhibit resistance. When you take the antibiotic away, the resistant cells go back to being just a small part of the group. That’s why they’re…

…mechanism of HIV/AIDS which leads to the loss of immune cells (CD4 and T cells) in other parts of the body also targets the lungs, allowing latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)…

…combination of therapies to wake up the latent virus and trigger the immune system to recognize infected cells and attack them. He will then target any remaining virus with an…

…the hormone than those of the higher-status animals. One explanation for this lack of a response was found within the macaques’ immune cells’ genetic information. Low-status females had immune cells…

…macaque infected after 41 days experienced fetal death within a week, and the fetuses of the others showed brain calcifications and reduced brain cells—all without significantly reduced brain size. An…

…between an Ebola virus protein and a protein in human cells. This interaction may be a key part of replication of the killer disease in human hosts. During the study,…

…drugs. In an ongoing study utilizing nonhuman primates, hematopoietic stem cells (HSC; cells that can become any other blood cell) are driven from the bone marrow of the potential donor…

…virus, which would explain why there’s so much of it because we find a huge number of infected cells there,” said Dr. Jean Patterson, a researcher at Texas Biomedical Research…

…new brain cells, including the subventricular zone in the wall of the lateral ventricle, which contains the largest number of neural stem cells in the brain. Another injured part of…

…again in 2007 when he became the first to grow induced pluripotent stem cells. Induced pluripotent stem cells behave similarly to embryonic stem cells with their source being genetically reprogrammed…

…for tracking the mechanisms that cause the damage to heart nerve cells, then tested the method in the nervous system and heart of monkeys. Ten rhesus macaque monkeys served as…

…into the skin cells. The cells then produce the flu vaccine and prompt the body to actively fight infection. This is an improvement over current on-the-market vaccines, which simply repel…

…her colleagues tested this concept by infecting human immune cells called macrophages with the TB bacterium, then treating those infected cells with the potential cancer treatment. The result was an…

Batten disease is a rare and fatal genetic neurological condition that affects the ability of cells to process waste materials. Those materials build up in brain cells and result in…

…Medicine and Public Health have used human stem cells to make blood-forming cells and demonstrated that they can function as the earliest cells from which various immune cells arise. “It…

…behaviors. Unfortunately, these tell-tale signs often don’t appear until a child reaches age four or five, limiting opportunities for early treatments that can stem the condition’s progress. “Right now, the…

…transformed skin cells from humans and monkeys into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, and subsequently transformed the monkey iPS cells into dopamine neurons. Because transplanted neurons are able to differentiate…

…behavior nearly instantly.” The research team inserted a gene into cells in the cerebellum, the parts of the brain controlling motor movements. Those cells, Purkinje cells, are some of the…

…viruses to enter and infect cells. “The virus found in Betty (a two-year old chimp) was one that looked like it came from a human, and the level of virus…

…remodeling connections made by cells in the brain. Fasudil seems to promote the pruning of dendritic spines, structures that help neurons communicate, by inhibiting Rho kinase, which helps stabilize cells’…

…number of healthy embryos. Dr. Mitalipov concedes his stem cell research has been controversial for some people, while many others see the human health benefits. “We produce stem cells using…

…PET is already used to diagnose heart disease and monitor cancer. Using a variant called “immunoPET,” the researchers can see particular types of immune cells infiltrating the transplanted organ, alerting…

…the Yerkes team, noted, “Animal studies have shown exposure to general anesthesia in infancy can cause loss of cells in the central nervous system and long-term impairments in neurocognitive function.”…

…new Wisconsin study, paired with the ability of the progenitor stem cells to proliferate and differentiate to different cell types in culture, can potentially accelerate the time it takes to…

…neural stem cells to the brain in an effort to move forward stem cell therapies to treat neurological disorders. His research has already developed stem cells capable of becoming the…

Since the early 1990s, a team at Yerkes National Primate Research Center has been developing and refining a costimulation blocker that will prevent the immune system from rejecting transplanted organs….