The fight against HIV has seen remarkable progress, thanks in large part to foundational research at the Washington National Primate Research Center (WaNPRC). While recent headlines rightfully celebrate the FDA approval of new HIV drugs like Yeztugo (lenacapavir, for pre-exposure prophylaxis, PrEP) and Sunlenca (for treatment), the story behind these breakthrough drugs began years earlier in the labs of WaNPRC.
WaNPRC’s involvement in HIV research stretches back decades. In the mid-1990s, Dr. Che-Chung Tsai demonstrated that an experimental drug, tenofovir, could completely protect pigtail macaques from Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV), a virus closely related to HIV and causes AIDS, when given before or after exposure. This study directly led to the development of Truvada, a drug that has reduced HIV transmission globally for over 20 years, by Gilead Pharmaceuticals. Building on this success, researchers turned to WaNPRC’s expertise again to test lenacapavir (now Yeztugo/Sunlenca) in nonhuman primates, ensuring its safety and effectiveness before human trials.
Why non-human primates? Female pigtail macaques are especially valuable for HIV research because their reproductive biology closely mirrors that of humans, making them ideal for studying antivirals and vaccines that could prevent vaginal and rectal transmission of the virus—key routes for HIV in both men and women. This translational research bridge is critical because findings in the lab must be validated in nonhuman primates before moving to human studies.
The impact of these advancements is profound. With 1.1 million Americans living with HIV and persistent challenges in PrEP access and adherence, a twice-yearly injection like Yeztugo could significantly boost prevention efforts. Meanwhile, Sunlenca offers new hope for those already living with HIV, used in combination with other therapies.
WaNPRC’s work isn’t done. Researchers like Dr. Rodney Ho are developing even longer-acting HIV drug combinations, with some already entering human trials. These innovations promise to further extend life expectancy, reduce healthcare burdens, and improve quality of life for patients.
The stories of Yeztugo and Sunlenca are a testament to the essential role of primate research centers like WaNPRC in turning scientific discoveries into real-world solutions. Their ongoing commitment to this research and key role in the development of these next generation HIV treatments and preventatives will continue to save lives and shape the future of global health.
